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1.
Clinics ; 65(5): 539-546, 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548635

ABSTRACT

Patients with schizophrenia have a two- to three-fold increased risk of premature death as compared to patients without this disease. It has been established that patients with schizophrenia are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Moreover, an important issue that has not yet been explored is a possible existence of a "cerebral" focus that could trigger sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia. Along these lines, several structural and functional alterations in the thalamic complex are evident in patients with schizophrenia and have been correlated with the symptoms manifested by these patients. With regard to abnormalities on the cellular and molecular level, previous studies have shown that schizophrenic patients have fewer neuronal projections from the thalamus to the prefrontal cortex as well as a reduced number of neurons, a reduced volume of either the entire thalamus or its subnuclei, and abnormal glutamate signaling. According to the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia, hypofunctional corticostriatal and striatothalamic projections are directly involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Animal and post-mortem studies have provided a large amount of evidence that links the sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) that occurs in patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy to thalamic changes. Based on the results of these prior studies, it is clear that further research regarding the relationship between the thalamus and sudden cardiac death is of vital importance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Schizophrenia/mortality , Thalamic Nuclei/abnormalities , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Epilepsy/etiology , Glutamine/metabolism , Prefrontal Cortex/abnormalities
2.
Acta méd. colomb ; 16(6): 289-303, nov.-dic. 1991. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-183207

ABSTRACT

En la unidad de Neurología del Centro Hospitalario San Juan de Dios de Bogotá, durante cuatro años (1986 a 1989), se estudiaron en forma consecutiva 25 pacientes con lesiones talámaticas no fatales. Se registraron los hallazgos neurológicos, neurosicológicos y neurooftalmológicos y los diagnósticos se confirmaron por tomografía computarizada (TC). Fueron 14 mujeres y 11 varones con una edad promedio de 52.5 y un rango de 25 a 84 años. La lesión talámica fue de origen vascular en 24 casos, ocho por infarto isquémico, cuatro por infarto hemorrágico y 12 con hematomas parenquimatosos. Diecisiete pacientes tenían hipertensión arterial sistémica y el único factor de riesgo en otros dos era el consumo de cocaína base (basuco). Ocho infartos se presentaron en el tálamo derecho, 12 en el izquierdo y cinco pacientes tuvieron lesiones bilaterales, uno de ellos con un glioma complobado por biopsia. En 5 pacientes con lesiónes bilateral se observó el síndrome del "Tope" de la arteria basilar, por compromiso del pedículo retromamilar; en todos ellos encontramos alteraciones sensitivomotoras, cerebelosas, oculomotoras bilaterales y demencia. Solamente un paciente presentó el clasicó síndrome de hiperpatía (Dejerine-Roussy). En los restantes se observaron asociaciones de síndromes sensitivomotores, cerebelosos, neurooftalmológicos, neuropsicológicos, y del comportamiento motor que remedan con frecuencia los hallazgos clínicos de la alteración cortical frontal, temporal o parietal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thalamic Diseases/classification , Thalamic Diseases/complications , Thalamic Diseases/diagnosis , Thalamic Diseases/epidemiology , Thalamic Diseases/etiology , Thalamic Diseases/physiopathology , Thalamic Diseases/mortality , Thalamic Diseases/drug therapy , Thalamic Diseases , Thalamic Diseases/therapy , Thalamic Nuclei/abnormalities , Thalamic Nuclei/physiopathology , Thalamus/abnormalities , Thalamus/physiopathology
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